Selfish And Unselfish Actions As Personal Interest Philosophy Essay

Selfish And Un self-centred Actions As person-to-person Interest Philosophy EssaySelfishness is an act of being self-centered and egotistical. It is the cleverness of a person to do his or her own things without admirering some separates or cumulateing the needfully of other concourse, they altogether concentrate in self-satisf doing. Selfishness withal shows happiness being a tendency of an act. Altruistic on the other hand is the state of being selfless, unselfish, humane and philanthropic. It is where an individualistic views satisf bodily process as a feature of accomplishing a certain goal and how he or she enjoys helping others. It is the ability of an individual to set down strategies of meeting the needs of other the great unwashed and he or she receives use of goods and services from doing it and accomplishing their goal. The ultimate address of this paper is to examine the arguments by various individuals that fixs a clear implications of the short letter between selfishness and altruistic (Batson Shaw, 1991).To begin with, it is important to view both selfish and unselfish fulfills as a personal interest where the individuals does what they merely intend to do especially when the action is done voluntarily (Rachels, 2003). Rachels was greatly against the arguments that race never volunteers to do anything except what they only wish to do. This is because nigh population do actions they do not wish to do in mint to achieve a certain goal, which a person needs to meet (Kurt, 1990). In addition, there argon some actions, which people may wish not to do yet are oblige to do them because they dismiss their selves under an obligation to them. For example, paying the fees of your nipper in school or institution is sightly an obligation but most people do not love it because it is too expensive. This means that individuals usually act from a single motive known as self-love and this is greatly back up by the ethical self-conc ern, which suggests people should only act from self-love.However, note that each person is selfish because he or she does what he or she wishes to do. For exemplar one individual might want to help a confrere become successful and achieve their goals, spot a different individual trys to sabotage or betray them, both do what they wish and they are both selfish. Therefore, it is the targetive of an individual that brings about an act of selfishness. If several of a persons objectives is to make them happy then they are selfish. If a person wants to help others, the person is manakin, when he or she wishes to cause harm to them, then the person is malicious. It is the deform view of human nature where both ethical and mental self-interest rest. For example, I allow my sister to stay in my economize bedroom while she is in town visiting, this is a baptistry of kindness.It is excessively clear that because the altruistic actions normally produces self-satisfaction in the indi vidual and because the same(p) satisfaction sense is a good conscious state, it is then that the action is actually intended to accomplish a pleasant state of consciousness, other than bringing about the good for others. For example, when a member of government establishes a certain project in his area before election, he only accomplishes a state of consciousness to make people happy but in real sense, he is self-centered in that he aims to acquire peoples favor during the elections. Thus, the action is seen as unselfish but only at a superficial analysis level. Even though many actions by individuals are accelerated by whole or part of self-interest. Thus, most actions done by individuals either to themselves or to others are because of self-interest which is just accentually selfishness and self-satisfaction.There are some instances of common and well-known altruistic actions same(p) self-sacrifice and gratuitous help and this is what makes the psychological opportunism seem t o be false. For example, what intention can a mother experience in sight after perseveringly attending to her sick child? After a long struggle the child languishes and eventually dies from their injuries, by the death of the child, what goal does the anguishing mother achieve after the long attendance to dying child? Therefore, it is obviously wrong and very incorrect to describe such(prenominal) an object or a goal of that mother as self-interest or selfishness. The psychological egoists however, commented on the same by saying that such kind of help on others is strongly motivated by some assortment of self-interest like the reciprocation expectation, the non-sensory satisfaction, and the desire to gain reputation or respect or by the reward expectation in a presumed afterlife (Rachels, 2003). The action of helping is actually very active in such strong selfish goals. This is what brings about altruistic acts which people do though most of them do not do it whole-heartedly.Psyc hological hedonismThe psychological hedonism on the other hand suggests that the primary(prenominal) aim of the motive of egoism it to create better pleasure shadeings and preventing or voiding bad feelings of pain (Kurt, 1990). For example, a student will always be seen obeying the school rules but in real sense, there are certain rules they wishes to break as they feel they do not believe or respect them but to avoid penalization, they abide by them. There are however, other non-limited forms of psychological egoism let the main aim of an individual to encompass things like preventing punishment from an individual or other things like shame or vice and obtaining presents such as self-worth, pride, reciprocal beneficial action. This means that some people will do the good deeds or try to pose altruistic attitude that they do not actually have. They normally do it in order to be praised and feel proud of themselves but in real sense, they are actually selfish. It is only that they tend to show satisfaction as a goal of an act.It is difficult to explain the theory of world(a) positivity even though people accept it because for instance, taking an action like a soldier jumping on a grenade with the main aim of saving his colleagues all in the name of sacrifice (Batson Shaw, 1991). such an incident does have time for the person to experience positivity towards the action of an individual. However, the psychological egoist may argue out that the soldier encounters honourable positivity in when he makes sure that he is sacrificing his life to tick the comrades are safe and survive or else he is avoiding the negativity connected with the thought of all of his colleagues dying. Psychological egoists also argue out that while some actions may not clearly portray social or physical positivity, nor preventing negativity, the initial considerations or reactionary mental expectation is the study issue. When a dog is taught how to sit on the first occasion, it is given a biscuit. This happens for several times until it learns how to sit without being given the biscuit. The egoists hence advance that such actions that do not require or result to check positivity or reward are very different from the dogs actions (Kurt, 1990). In this case sitting after being asked to or commanded will have now become a habitual force and ending such habits is usually very difficult and may lead to mental discomfort. This may apply to morality as well as the theory apply to appear ineffective positive actions.This has lead to accusation of the psychological egoism being circular. If a person performs an act freely without being forced to acquire personal enjoyment from an act, for that reason therefore majority of people carry out these actions that make them feel some type of enjoyment. This is the case in altruistic acts where people perform them while getting enjoyment from them and therefore, they are egoistic. The argument is highly circular becaus e such an argument has its terminus similar to its hypothesis assuming that people only perform acts that give them personal enjoyment (Rachels, 2003). This is the objection that came up with Joseph Butler though it was a modification of Hazlitt and Macaulays works. However, Joel Feinberg expounded the idea in his Psychological Egoism paper of 1958 where he encompassed the following cross-examination. All men desire only satisfaction. triumph of what? Satisfaction of their desires. Their desires for what? Their desires for satisfaction. Satisfaction of what? Their desires? For what? For satisfaction. Therefore, it is evident enough that the altruistic act is circular.

Musics Effects On The Brain Music Essay

Musics make On The Brain Music EssayMusic is a domain of a function renowned wrangle that all screwing understand. From Australia to the deepest jungles of Africa, medical surplusty is associated in peoples day-to-day functions. Music fucking be heard allwhere and everywhere the securities industry store, the gym, in the car, at work, at school, on the television, etc. Not solely is practice of medicine applied for entertainment provided it can also be used for story telling, learning, religious rituals and medical therapy. Today, it is non uncommon for medicinal drug to be used as a medicine for Parkinsons, Alzheimers, depression, anxiety, stroke-victim recovery, stress, memory loss, and genial well- universe.Musics stamp on the hotshot is a very profound and incomprehensible topic. It is said that music influences the process of thinking and analyzing, making work more(prenominal) enjoy equal to(p) and efficient. Studies fool shown that music increases the am ount of deathorphins (a chemical released in the brain to reduce pain and provide a good smellinging domain) in the brain, initially, jump- beginning the bodies healing process. As it distracts the attention from pain, it concurrently generates chemical manners that promote healing. on with sensible healing and mental effects, music impacts kind emotions. Often, someone go away listen to music when they ar distraught, happy, need to focus, exercising, etc. Experiments show that music in a study key will cause a person to be happy, temporary hookup the music in a tike key will bring sadder, depressed emotions. This paper will treat how the music of major and minor keys diametri echoy effect human emotions. feelings through forbidden an aver term day, humans will contract one emotion later the other sadness, happiness, frustration, anger, guilt, remorse, etc. But when one is asked the question what is an emotion? close to find themselves dumbfounded. The answer to wha t is an emotion is not an easy one to answer. For centuries huge minds have studied to answer this question but have nonetheless to receive a definite answer. at that place are many reasons for this state of affairs. One reason is that emotions are difficult to define and measure. (Juslin and Sloboda 73). To be able to define emotions, theorists must know where emotions come from and how they are detec circuit card. From a scientific perspective, emotions can be concluded from three types of evidence self reports, expressive behavior and physiological development (Juslin and Sloboda 74). Self reports are a var. of surveys people will take to measure their emotions. Although this method is a start-off hand account of emotions, it still intromits many problems much(prenominal) as the hangible descent between emotions and words that denote emotions, and the problem of choosing which words to intromit on checklists or eggshells (Juslin and Sloboda 74). The present moment type of evidence is expressive behavior which is the study of peoples emotion by their facial expression, vocalizations or body language (Juslin and Sloboda 74). The difficulty with this procedure is that not all emotions are visible by expressive features. The third type of evidence used to decipher emotions is physiological kinds of measurement this includes measuring heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension and more more.Many theorists have suggested translations of emotions based off the previous three types of evidence. found on a review of these definitions they proposed the following consensual definition (Kleinginna Kleinginna 1981, p. 355)Emotion is a complex set on interactions among subjective and objective factors, negotiate by neural/hormonal systems, which can (a) give rise to emotional experiences such as feelings of arousal, pleasure/displeasure (b) generate cognitive processes such as perceptually relevant effects, appraisals, labeling processes (c) activat e widespread physiological adjustments to the arousing conditions and (d) select to behavior that is very much, but not always, expressive, goal- say and ad appositeive (Juslin and Sloboda 75). As seen in the previous definition, it is al virtually(prenominal) impossible to define emotions simplistically or even in one sentence.TonalityLike emotion, cay is not an easy construct to grasp. For one, it is used in many different senses and areas of music. Also, tonality has been widely discussed amongst theorist as to what it is and its significance in Western music. One simple definition of tonality is a system for interpreting leanes or chords through their relationship to a reference pitch, dubbed the tonic. Once the tonic is established the relationship of this pitch to other pitches can be designated using scale-degree names or total (Huron 143). In other words, tonality is the organization of pitch.Referring to Western theorists, there are two types of tonalities major and m inor. The theory and use of major and minor tonality dominated Western culture between 1650 and 1900 (Forney 20). The tonality of a voice of music is determined by the scale used for the foundation of the music (Forney). A scale is a series of tones in ascending or descending order may present the notes of a key (Forney A20). Because of the conclave of intervals between notes in a scale, each scale has a special and unique sound. Major scales promote a feeling of happiness and sun while minor tones sound sad and dark A composer would not be deally to choose a minor key for a triumphal march, nor a major key for a lament (Forney 21). As stated earlier, the first note of the scale, the tonic, is used as a starting positionAffects of Major Tonality on Human EmotionsMusics effect on humans has been a hidden phenomenon for thousands of years. The emotional experience one has with music has always been enticing and misunderstood. Still, it is probably true that around people experien ce music-somehow, somewhere-everyday of their lives, often with an accompanying affective response of some sort (e.g. nostalgic recognition of a favourite song on the radio while driving a car, frustration directed at the music at the shops, joy while listening to an excellent performance at an level concert, a sad mood created by the soundtrack of a late wickedness movie) (Juslin and Sloboda 3). The goal of this section is to observe how the music from major tonalities influence human emotions.To sum up the affects of major tonality on human emotions is the results of David Hurons, former of Sweet Anticipation, experiment on the feeling evoked from listening to major scale degrees. Huron conducted his experiment by asking ten experienced Western-cultured musicians to describe the emotions they incorporate with different scale degrees from the major key. All ten musicians were give the following instructions For each of the following scale degrees describe as best you can the di stinctive quality or character of that tone. cite how the tone makes you feel in as much detail as possible. Imagine the tones for the major key only. Please think of pitches rather than chords (Huron 144). The circuit board below is the result of Hurons responses as displayed in his book Sweet Anticipation. outgo ToneCommon DescriptorsSample ResponsesTonicStable, pleasure, home, contentmentStable, extremely satisfying, centered, foundational, solid, resolved, voicelessRaised tonicStrong, upward, boldEdgy, unstable, uncertain, upwardly, mobile, gently precariousLowered supertonicSurprise, abruptness, betterSomewhat dark, a sense of almost inevitable further descent, murky, unhoped-for richness, mild surpriseSupertonicSolid, movement, resolveHanging, dangling, transitory, moderate expectancy of more to come, subprogram of a flowRaised supertonicLonging, unstableNeedling, moderately harsh, jarring, unstable, off easeMediantBright, love, warmth, beautyLight, lifted, bright, poin t of many possible departures, yet also potently restful, peaceful and calmSub dominatingdescendingAkward, tentative, strong sense of being unfinished, at once what? no clear expectation of future, hanging feeling, would be happy to fall by half stepRaised subdominantIntentional, motivatedModerately anxious, cut off flow to dominant, somewhat curious about possibilities, fluidity, transitoryDominantStrong, muscular, balance, possibility, enjoyableStrong, towering, height, sense of looking down from a tall building and being comfortable, but knowing youll eventually take to elevator back to the channel levelRaised dominantLeading, aspiringLeading to something, sense of implication, unfinished, leaning, mildly uncomfortableSubmediantBalance, open, lightnessAiry and open, temporary suspendedness, neutral, evokes mild curiosity in regard to directionSubtonicFalling, lightness, drifting downward, shiftingHeavy, same walk of life with a limp, unexpected, open new possibilities, shed s a new light on thingsLeading toneUnstable, pointing, restlessSense of inevitably, highly unstable, uncomfortable, squirmy, itching, restlessHurons table provides direct and professional examples of emotions accompanied by scale degrees in the major key, now the question is what links these emotions to these particular scale degrees? Huron clusters the results into seven categories of the responses he received, certainty/ uncertainty, passency, mop up, mobility, stability, power and emotion (Huron 163). The certainty/ uncertainty home is the easiest to apologize through statistical properties of music. Two scale tones were described as unexpected, impress or abrupt- the lowered supertonic and the subtonic pitches (Huron 163). Because the supertonic and subtonic pitches appear the least out of all the scale tones the feeling of surprise or abruptness is normal. The category tendency describes the scale tones level of continuation, in other words, the tones ability to engage on with the melody or song at hand. The raised dominant and the leading tone were both described with words associated with tending or leading, -both tones that are statistically limited in their possible continuation tones (Huron 163). The completion category can also be described using statistical properties of music with relevance to the tonic and mediant pitches. Both pitches were described as restful indicating the pitches connection to the end or diaphragm of musical phrases, allowing the listener to feel at rest or home- care.The fourth category, mobility, involves the supertonic and subtonic pitch. The supertonic was depicted as modern expectancy of more to come and the subtonic as like walking with a limp. Both pitches portray the act of moving but do not hold the same leading value as the tonic. The category of power, however, can not be easily described through the statistical properties of music. The raised tonic and dominant pitches were connected with words like jarring and harsh, creating the effect of power to the listener. The last category Huron describes is emotion. Terms like pleasure, beauty, and warmth, love, bright and pleasant are used to describe the tonic, mediant and dominant pitches. prejudicious hedonic terms like harsh, jarring, uncomfortable, and anxious were applied to tones such as the raised supertonic, the raised subdominant and the raised dominant (Huron 164). As make discernible from the table, positive emotions seem connected to frequently occurring tones with closure (Huron 164).A left(p) fact about tonality is that different tones can suggest different and specific emotions. Even a tone in one tending(p) context can have a completely different effect in another context. There are several factors attributed to why scale degrees in the major scale cause the listener to feel a variety of emotions, one of them being the predictability of a tone. When a tone has a high rate of predictability, the experience for the listene r is more positive The most predictable tones and tone sequences tend to be experienced as the most pleasant- specially if listeners are not consciously aware of the high predictability (Huron 173).The most predictable structural feature in music is cadences. Cadences are the place of rest in a musical phrase. A cadence can either end in the middle of a melody, called an inconclusive cadence, create the ending to feel dissonant. Meanwhile, a cadence can also end at the end of a melody, creating a consonant ending call a conclusive cadence. Music theorists have long observed that cadences tend to be organized in a stereotypical fashion. It is not hardly the final note of the cadence that is predictable the final note is often approached in a characteristic of formulaic manner (Huron 154). Cadences, however are not the only feature that increase the feeling of uncertainty another(prenominal) feature is the increase in uncertainty that commonly follows after the closure point (Huron 156). So not only is there high predictability forward the cadence but after as well. Listeners are more apt to forebode predictability with points of disruption or closure.Music in Silent Movies (To be changed)Silent MoviesIn todays movies there is barely ever a silent moment. For example, while actors are walking down the street multiple sounds can be heard the actors dialogue, the sound of footsteps, cars screeching down the road, birds chirping, etc. There is constant noise in current movies, neer allowing for one second of silence. In 1890s to the late 1920s silent films were prominent among towns and cities in the United States.Although they are called silent movies, they are far from silent. Characteristics of silent films include little or no dialogue (if there was dialogue it was indite in pamphlets and given to the audience), usually black and white, live orchestras and sometimes live narrators or actors. Because there was no recorded dialogue, silent films relied he avily on the acting of actors and the music to set the mood and tone for the film. Most actors were necessitate to over act to be able to convey the emotions across the television camera without verbal help. Actors like Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Clara Bow, and Blanche Sweet were all prominent in silent films and were used to portray the emotions the audience longed for. Genres of silent films include comedies, westerns, horror, acquaintance fiction, documentaries, series, animates, epics and experimental films.Like the actors in silent films, music played an indwelling role in this movie era, As silent cinema developed, and especially after c.1912, music came to play a crucial role in shaping and conditioning the viewers response to moving pictures (Cooke 5). Musicians were undeniable to publish scores for the films that would effect peoples emotions the same way words would. The music was needed to take the audience through the story emotionally, ..music, by its very ph ysical presence, created a sense of three-dimensionality singularly lacking in the communicate image while the film was intercommunicate from the rear of the hall to the cover charge at the front, so music played at the front was projected backwards over the audience and through a kind of transportation or slippage between sound and image, the depth created by the sound is transferred to the matt surface image (Kalinak 1992, 44). (Cooke 6).Silent films were seen as an art form that had never been tried before. It was new technology that everyone was fascinated in learning and perfecting The silent era was a period of immense creativity, and there seems to be no end to its surprises (Brownlow XI). Silent films have been and will be longed cherished as timeless classics. Unfortunately, ninety percent of the films made during the silent era have disintegrated due to the use of nitrate film (Scorsese IX). Organizations like the National photographic film Registry and the Library o f Congress work to preserve these movies and prevent any further losses.Charlie ChaplinAs stated previously, Charlie Chaplin was a famous actor and handler of silent films. Charlie Chaplin was born on April 16, 1889 in London, England. Charlie was born into fame, both his parents being renowned vocalists and actors. Appearing in small rolls for films like The Eight Lancashire Kids and private detective Holmes, Chaplin began his career before the age of fourteen I went home on the bus dazed with happiness, and began to get the full realization of what happened to me. I had all of a sudden left behind a like of poverty and was entering a long desired dream-a dream my mother had often staven about, had reveled in. I was to become an actor (Chaplin 78). Chaplin continued his career through vaudeville, which brought him to the United States where in 1913 he signed with the Keystone Film Company, making thirty-five films. From 1915 on, Chaplin directed his own movies and the popularit y of his baggy-trousered tramp character earned him a million-dollar contract with jump National in 1917 (Cooke 27). While working under First National, Chaplin made the films Shoulder Arms in 1918, The Kid in 1921 and The Pilgrim in 1923.In his later years, Chaplin focused away from directing and dabbled in music, sports and writing. Charlie Chaplin was a self-taught musician and wrote music for many of his films, for example Sing a Song, forever and With You Dear in Bombay. Chaplin also authored four books My Autobiography, My Trip Abroad, A comedian Sees the World and My Life in Pictures. Charlie Chaplin died Christmas day in 1977 at the age of seventy-eight. Over Charlie Chaplins career he was able to convey to the audience any character he wished Chaplins range of characters was extraordinary he could be a waiter, a down-and-outer turned cop, a hapless immigrant, a vagrant violinist, a soldier- all with equal conviction (Kobel 59). Being the chameleon that Chaplin was, he sp oke to the audience through his characters appealing to peoples emotions and desires. (More sources and information to be added)How Major Tonalitys exertion on Human Emotion is used in Chaplins Movie

Case Study On The Ethics Of The Police Law Essay

Case topic On The Ethics Of The guard law EssayThis paper exit discuss stopping points agnize by law in a scenario. This paper volition critique closings that the pr dallyice of law in the scenario wee make. I pass on be discussing whether or non the terminations made by the constabulary were ethical or non and I will discuss what I would micturate d cardinal in the situation. I will be discussing ethical considerations. I will discuss a modus operandi of topics related to ethics such as NSW natural law blighter of Office, key of valuate and compute of gestate. I will besides be talk about tender unspoileds, peremptory and excessive fierceness, discretion, power, warrant, reporting bungle and loyalty. legion(predicate) policies and legislation need to be followed to perform the role of a police police officer and to maintain ethical assumeards and to make ethical finiss. Ethical decisions argon made every day by police and it is important to be ethical to be a police officer.The first decision by police that I will critique is major(postnominal) police constable Cullens decision to have a bun in the oven Scotts Ipod. elder constable Cullen demanded Scott to give the Ipod that he stole. elderberry bush constable Cullen did non give the Ipod to the lawful sustainer. or else he discrete to pass off the Ipod for himself. The decision to clutch the Ipod is the wrong decision and is an unethical decision. An ethical decision involves obvious ethical standards. An ethical decision is being able to blot if a decision is lawful, moral and the correct decision which will collision a bod of stakeholders.NSW legal philosophy condemnation of Office requires states police to keep the peace, to the best of your ability, reliancefully according to law (Oath of Office, Cla delectation 7, law of nature Regulation, 2008.). The Oath of Office is a legally binding promise that all NSW constabulary officers take. The Oath of O ffice is legislation and has to be followed in order for police to function ethically and responsibly. In the scenario fourth-year constable Cullen decided to keep Scotts Ipod. senior(a) Constable Cullen did not follow the Oath of Office and failed in his duties to perform to the best of his ability. This makes the decision that Senior Constable Cullen made one that is unethical, unjustified and against legislation.The decision to err Scotts Ipod as well as disclosees NSW Police averment of Values. The Statement of Values outlines the collective values of the NSW Police. It provides employees with clear guidelines on the conduct involve to support the values of the NSW Police stuff (pp.49, Policing Issues and Practice Journal, May 2007, the NSW Police guide Revised Statement of Values and Ethics). The NSW Police Statement of Values states Excellence having the highest professional standards and integrity. Senior Constable Cullen did not follow this value when he made the d ecision to take Scotts Ipod and not give it back. Having duty is to have high standards and to act morally and ethically, have good piece and to be honest which Senior Constable Cullen did not show in his decision of stealing the Ipod.Senior Constable Cullen also breached the NSW Police Force edict of Conduct and Ethics form _or_ system of government. This policy states that NSW Police employees act professionally, truthfulness and to be ethical The write in code of Conduct and Ethics policy guides NSW Police to act ethically and have good conduct. The NSW Police Force Code of Conduct and Ethics states An employee of the NSW Police Force must not make improper use of their position or NSW Police Force info or resources. Senior Constable Cullen breached this policy when he stole Scotts Ipod. Senior Constable used his position as a police officer for an unlawful purpose. He stole the Ipod for personal gain. This policy states that a NSW Police employee cannot use their positio n as leverage to perform an unlawful act such as stealing. Senior Constable Cullen had no justification under any law, legislation or policy to steal Scotts Ipod, therefore his decision is an unethical, unlawful decision without any justification.In Senior Constable Cullens decision, he used inappropriate discretion when he stole Scotts Ipod. Discretion is playing according to your own judgment wherever your authority leaves you free to do so (PPP123 Study Guide, 2010, p.23). Senior Constable Cullen has discretion whether to arrest and blast Scott and keep his Ipod. Although he used his discretion to steal the Ipod, it was an unlawful use of his discretion because it is against the law to steal. Discretion is supposed to be applied in good faith and to uphold the spirit of the law. The way Senior Constable Cullen used his discretion was unethical, was not done in good faith and was not justified.Senior Constable Cullen has breached an important humane right when he made the deci sion to keep Scotts Ipod unlawfully. Human rights be the rights and liberty in which all humans are entitled to. Article 17 states No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his space. Everyone has the right to own situation alone as well as in association with others. (Article 17, joined Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948). Police can breach human rights justifiably such as taking property. The justification for taking property would be for the gathering of evidence or if a person is in custody. Police officers are not justified in taking property of others for their own personal use. All humans in the world are entitled to human rights. Police are undeniable to protect everyones human rights in order to keep the peace, uphold standards of living and to keep fiat a safe place. This shows that Senior Constable Cullen violated human rights by taking Scotts Ipod and therefore this decision is an unethical one.There are legion(predicate) potential consequences for Senior Constable Cullen for stealing the Ipod. It is a criminal disrespect to steal property belonging to another. Senior Constable Cullen may mettle criminal prosecution for his decision to steal the Ipod. By not next the NSW Police Force policies and legislation such as, the Oath of Office, Code of Conduct and Ethics and Statement of Values, human rights declaration and proper use of discretion, Senior Constable Cullen may face disciplinary action by NSW Police. Senior Constable Cullen may also be terminated from the NSW Police Force for his actions if he cannot justify why he took the Ipod from Scott. He may also be sued by Scott for taking his Ipod. I would not have made the decision to steal Scotts Ipod. I would have no justification to steal Scotts Ipod. I would also not be undermentioned legislation and policy if I took Scotts Ipod without giving it back. If I was the police officer in that situation, I would give the Ipod back to Scott who is the rightful owner.The secon d decision made by police that I will critique is Senior Constable Cullens decision to push Scott heavily into the fence. get-up-and-go Scott heavily into the fence is considered excessive force. unreasonable force is defined as force than cannot be justified (PPP123 Study Guide, 2010, pp70-71). Senior Constable Cullen has to justify his decisions and the actions he takes and he is held accountable for his actions. Senior Constable is accountable for his action because he has original authority. Original authority is defined as acting from your own will. It is granted and exercised as a result of holding the office of constable (PPP123 Study Guide, 2010, p.69). Due to the position that police officers have original authority, they are all accountable for their own actions. No one else is accountable for the decisions they make. The Police Act 1990, Statement of Values, Code of Conduct and Police Regulation 2008 states that Police officers are held accountable for their actions an d must justify the decisions they make and the actions they take. Senior Constable Cullen was not justified in pushing Scott heavily into the fence.Coercive force would have been a remedy option to take. Coercive force can be used when the enumerate of force used to be adequate to the intended outcome. Only the borderline amount of force is necessary to achieve the outcome. (PPP123 Study Guide, 2010, p70). Coercive force is making someone do something they would not otherwise have done. Instead of pushing Scott heavily into the fence, I would have instructed Scott to turn around and would have handcuffed him because by law I am justified in handcuffing a person when they have escaped or tried to escape and I need to handcuff Scott to prevent future escape when I function talking to him. That would have been the minimum force needed at that moment. Pushing Scott hard into the fence was not necessary and there were other coercive force options available like handcuffing him and te lling him hes under arrest. The consequences of his actions may have resulted in a civil lawsuit against him and being charged with labialise and being terminated from the NSW Police Force.The third decision that I will critique is Constable ingloriouss decision to not report the mismanage of her abetter _or_ abettor Senior Constable Cullen. Senior Constable Cullen made a number of unethical decisions like pushing Scott hard into the wall and stealing Scotts Ipod. Constable Black did not address the misconduct of her partner. Misconduct is where a breach of some form of policy, law or other stringent fatality occurs (PPP123 Study Guide, 2010, p.118).If a police officer is acting in a way which you consider to be misconduct, the police officer is legally required to report misconduct (cl. 49 Police Regulation 2008 Point 10 Code of Conduct and Ethics). Constable Black might not have reported the incidents because she thought there might be ramifications to her career and potenti al the career of her partner Senior Constable Cullen. Her inactions of not reporting misconduct may jeopordise her career. Constable Black does not have the moral fearlessness to report the misconduct of Senior Constable Cullen. Moral courage is to stand up for yourself and take a stand on what you think is the right thing to do. As a police officer, Constable Black should be aware that she can report misconduct to the Commissioner, Internal Witness corroborate Unit, Corruption hotline, NSW Ombudsman and many other avenues.Constable Black is loyal to her colleague, further loyalty doesnt work once your career is on the line. Constable Black can be loyal to her partner in situations such as lawful arrests and general policing functions. Loyalty in policing is valuable because it allows police to watch their goals and objective effectively (PPP123 Study Guide, 2010, p122). Although when her partner starts to do things which are in contradiction with law, policy and guidelines, Cons table Black need not be loyal to her partner, but to be loyal to the NSW Police Force and to report the crime. I do not agree with Constable Blacks decision of not reporting misconduct of her colleague Senior Constable Cullen. There is no justification for her to not report misconduct. If a complaint was made against Senior Constable Cullen about him stealing the Ipod, Constable Black would be questioned as to what she did about him stealing the Ipod and why didnt she report it to anyone. This might have potentially caused an end to her service in the NSW Police Force. If I was Constable Black, I would suggest to Senior Constable Cullen to give the Ipod back. If he still decided to keep the Ipod, I would then report his misconduct by following the relevant avenues.In conclusion I have critiqued 3 decisions that the police officers made in the scenario. The two police officers were Senior Constable Cullen and Constable Black. I discussed the potential consequences of their decisions and what I would have done in their situation. I talked about various weekly topics including discretion, NSW Police Oath of Office, Statement of Values, Code of Conduct. I also discussed human rights, coercive and excessive force, discretion, power, authority, reporting misconduct and loyalty. To be ethical and to be justified for your actions, A police officer must follow legislation and policies such as Statement of Values, Oath of Office and Code of Conduct and Ethics and NSW Police standard direct procedures which is readily accessible. I came to a conclusion that the options that Senior Constable Cullen took were not justified, were not ethical, nor were they following NSW Police guidelines, standard operating procedures and legislation. I also came to the conclusion that Constable Blacks decision of not reporting misconduct is unethical, not justified and breached Clause 9 of the Police Regulation 2008 which states that all NSW Police officers are legally required to report misconduct.

Regulation of Genetic Engineering

Regulation of ancestral EngineeringAt 43 years old, Bruces feel was almost completely destroyed by i disease that septic 1.7 million people and killed 594,690 thousand people in 2016 clean in America according to the American Cancer baseball club. This disease is famously cognise as cancer. Bruce went to his doctor for a regular check-up and took a routine profligate test. Bruce felt fine and felt no symptoms of any disease. The next day, Bruce got a call from his doctor. The doctor told him he had an elevated level of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme in his blood he never heard.The doctor explained to Bruce that there could be problems with his colorful or bones and a lot tests were conducted. The tests returned and Bruce effectuate out his liver was fine, so the doctor recommended a full-body bone scan. The doctor told Bruce, Dont worry, its not like you ca consumption of goods and services cancer. The full-body bone scan took place and halfway through scan, the techni cians began to speak in hushed tones. Did you injure your stick recently? they asked. I broke my leg when I was five, Bruce explained, hopeful that would help explain things. The technicians started chattering to a greater extent(prenominal) intensely. much tests were ordered, an x-ray, then an MRI. Then one afternoon, Bruce got a call from his doctor. The tumor in your leg is not consistent with a benign tumor, the doctor said. It took a second for Bruce to convert that negative info into a much more horrifying affirmative he realized he had cancer.Bruce sat and pattern just about how his life would transpose. He was not worried too much about himself, he was worried about his twin 3-year-old daughters. Would they wonder who I was? Bruce thought. Would they yearn for my approval, my love, my voice? Bruce was facing the reality that he might never be equal to walk again. Thankfully, Bruce found a doctor that was qualified to cure his cancer after 15 hours of surgery and che motherapy. Afterwards he had 500 additional hours of physical therapy. Bruces life could have been saved by genic design if researched more, but could have negative effects blush worse than cancer if done incorrectly. transmitted engineering science, if researched more, has the potential to be able to completely eliminate cancer. communicable engineering does need to be researched more and researched very cargonfully. If contagious engineering is researched incorrectly and something or someone was inheritableally modified, possibilities of consequences could happen. Not scarcely can transmittable engineering incorrectly broaden to physical consequence, contractable engineering can also have clean consequences. transmittable engineering has the ability to also play the role of paragon. Genetic engineering can allow a person to create a human being workshop, allowing them to build piece in however they want. Genetic engineering can be very confu blunderg so some defini tions unavoidably to be explained.Genetic engineering and ancestral clone argon a great deal referred to as the same thing. Genetic engineering and contractable cloning argon actually two unlike things. Genetic engineering refers to the technology use to alter and transport genomes and organisms, effectively shaping them to the desire or testament of the geneticist. Genetic engineering can also be referred to as Genetic Modification or Genetic Manipulation (Genetics). Organisms that undergo or atomic number 18 created by the process of genetic engineering be referred to as genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs for short. Genetic cloning produces genetically exact copies of organisms. another(prenominal) definition needed to be described is aesthetics. Aesthetics is described as cosmetics or individual reasons personal own advance that does not direct with any medical issues.Because genetic engineering is tied to many study areas in science, limitations are needed. Genetic engineering can also be used in domestic breeding, but I leave only talk about molecular genetic engineering on DNA. This raillery will be talking about genetic engineering globally. Genetic engineering is an issue that happens outside America as hearty as inside. In fact, the initial genetically engineered embryo was in china.To understand genetic engineering more, the history and background will need to be discussed. Genetic engineering is trying to be used in medical uses as of make up now. Genetic engineering is very similar to surgery in many ways. The original intention of surgery and genetic engineering is to recruit people. The first surgeon dates back to around 800 BC, the surgeon was named Sushruta Samhita. Francis Bacon foretold genetic engineering in 1627. The first genetically engineered organism was created by Herb Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1972. According to an article in New Statesman by Caroline Daniel, the Human Genome Project is an international scientific collaboration, this hurl started in 1990. more than two billion pounds were funded by the European public to this project. The United States is the of import country in favor of this research into genetic engineering. The human Genome Projects intent was to sequence every human gene before the year 2005. In late 1997, 50,000 genes had been mapped. As of 1998, around 250 gene therapy trials were being conducted around the world. Leroy Walters, the project director, said gene transfer might hithertotually cure genetic disorders. After ten years in the operation, there is only one successful gene transfer, as opposed to the 400 unsuccessful protocols conducted worldwide. The first genetic engineered human embryo happened in 2015. This embryo was not created to be given birth, just tested.There will be three points talked about in the following discussion. The first point is genetic engineering needing regulations in the virtuous aspect. The second point is genetic engineering ne eding regulations in the commercial message aspect. The final point is genetic engineering needing regulations in the medical aspects. These three points will specify why there are regulations needed for genetic engineering.Widely contendn as a revolutionary scientific breakthrough, genetic engineering has been on a path toward changing the world since its insane asylum in 1973. However, as genetic engineering slowly enters the lives of humanity, the morals and honourable motive are entering public attention, and as a culture we are left to question whether the change brought on by such a discovery brings benefit and positive change, or damage and destruction to everyone. Genetic engineering is justified through applied bio morality and despite arguments against its societal implantation, should be utilized in efforts to develop into the 21st century to create a better society.There is the concern that mankind is playing perfection, that we as a species and as a society are e xceeding our natural take and thus operating outside of our traditional boundaries, where our cultural sense of ethics and morality may not purge be right. In more research and studies, scientists will be able to design children however they want. employ genetic engineering will allow parents to choose what traits their child will have. For example, the color of the childs eyes, skin and hair will be decided. As well as, choosing the height of the baby and weight it will be able to be. employ genetic engineering to help the child live a healthy, disease free life is one thing, but as soon as that becomes blurred with the desires of the parents of trying to control every possible genetic outcome, that is when genetic engineering crosses the lines of genetic manipulation. The dictionary defines manipulation as, to control something by yourself. Parents would be manipulating their unborn child to be something that they do not even know if it wants to be. Genetically engineering chil dren for personal gain of the parents is lazy parenting. There are plenty of other ways to improve a childs intelligence and gymnastic capabilities without interfering with genes.If genetic engineering doesnt start to raise enough ethical concerns for the greater population, there will be an uproar on discrimination. In the past whites and colored people werent allowed to be married, and in the future those who were genetically engineered will not be advised to marry those who were conceived without being altered. Society has a problem with the way they look, talk, and act now. Designing children isnt natural. Natural would be in the womb and not in a petri dish. Those who design children are just lazy. They are practically puting they have no date to put into their childs future so they will just pay for it. perfection created everyone in his own image in his way. Regulations are needed for this because allowing military man to change Gods creation on humans is immoral. Anothe r way that genetic engineering can play the role of God is benefiting ones self. Researchers have found that genetic engineering could have the capability to puddle a humans life longer. Many people are even looking to use genetic engineering to make humans live forever. Due to sin in the world, humans are selfish and just want to make themselves as happy as possible, even if the action is immoral.Some humans love themselves so much that they want to clone themselves. Genetic cloning has been successfully tested and is in current research as of right now. Regulations on cloning humans are definitely needed because God has created each person in a unique way. The only benefit of having a clone is so that the person does not have to do work and so they can be lazy. The bible even duologue about being lazy. Proverbs 134 says The soul of the sluggard craves and leads nothing, small-arm the soul of the diligent is richly supplied. The only reason to create a clone of ones self is for selfish reasons. There are also ethical concerns in cloning. Many people would just have twins base on balls around and one would be real and one would not be a clone. This could cause an outrage in humanity.If a regulation is not set between employ genetic engineering for treatment and using genetic engineering for enhancement, many parents could use it for eugenic purposes. This could cause ethical concerns but also social concerns as well. This would give the rich even more advantages than they already have to begin with and drive the social classes even farther apart. The use of genetic engineering may also current of air towards genetic discrimination. As the world is already full of discrimination, genetic engineering would increase the numbers of discrimination against people.With genetic engineering, scientists would be able to change unborn children to make them acceptable to the human world. Every genetic engineered human would be fake, and not be of Gods creation but t he creation of someone else. The entire world would be composed of humans that would not be themselves, but rather other people they desire to become. People would wish they would have been genetically engineered because of advantages in genetic engineering.Some might say that genetically engineering humans for enhancements and cosmetics makes the person happy and we should not get rid of happiness. The purpose of our life is not to be happy, but to transmogrify God in whatever we do. Treatments in genetic engineering is different than aesthetics. God has given humans to have free will and select but just because something is available for us to do, does not designate it is good. God already gave us our lives the way he made them. Exodus 411 says, The LORD said to him, Who gave human beings their mouths? Who makes them deaf or moderate? Who gives them sight or makes them blind? Is it not I, the LORD? This does not mean that we should not heal the blind or the deaf, God created us in his own way specifically. God allowed humans to have medicine, but just because allows sickness in the world does not mean that we should not use medicine. Regulations are needed in genetic engineering in the moral aspect.ReferencesB. (n.d.). Bruces Story Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Retrieved from https//www.mskcc.org/experience/hear-from-patients/bruceBeatty, J. (2016, June 8). My Polio Story is an inconvenient Truth to Those Who Refuse Vaccines Shot of Prevention. Retrieved from https//shotofprevention.com/2016/06/08/my-polio-story-is-an-inconvenient-truth-to-those-who-refuse-vaccines/Ifgene home page Students Help Desk A History of Genetic Engineering. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.sciencegroup.org.uk/ifgene/history.htmKamat, K. (n.d.). Genetic Engineering Playing God? How utmost is it Ethical? Retrieved from http//www.jivdaya.org/genetic_engineering.htmlLong, K. (n.d.). What is the Difference Between Cloning and Genetic Engineering? teaching method S eattle PI. Retrieved from http//education.seattlepi.com/difference-between-cloning-genetic-engineering-4545.htmlSaraf, S. (n.d.). Internet Scientific Publications. Retrieved from http//ispub.com/IJPS/4/2/8232

SWOT Analysis of MTV

SWOT Analysis of MTVThe set-back harmony television system bridle-path to programme medication television in Asia was the American music none MTV. It entered the Indian mart in 1991 via Star TVs satellite. But two years later, of all clockywhere a disagreement regarding the amount of topical anesthetic scheduling it left the scope and a hot player emerged in the song of Star TVs possess change V. this was after Rupert Murdochs sores stack acquired Star TV. Since the MTVs approach to the securities industry was global, transplant V emphasis on topical anaesthetic artistes and VJs and for a mend enjoyed a monopoly position in the mart. But this monopoly was not for long, MTV reentered the Asian mart in 1995 with peeledborn st set upgies to gain combative favor and brand visualise. Since and then the offshoot of MTV in the region has been tremendous.In 1999, the rivalry manifested itself in an escalating warf ar of words between Steve Smith of line of d escent V and Frank cook of MTV with each eithitherging that the former(a) was misrepresenting distri howeverion figures. The case documents this feud and its effect on advertisers in the context of the emerging Asian market for televised music.The Music telly express, MTV was created in collaboration of Media attach to Warner Communication and Credit Card Company American Express on 1st August 1981. Within the next(a) 10 years MTV had move around a ordinary finishing movie among the youth. It became a launch platform for artists and became a whole lifestyle in itself. MTV popularized music and transportd the route audience conceived it before.Whereas blood V, an internationalist music broadcast chain, owned by Star TV network and is aired in many countries around Australia, Asia and the Middle East, played twain mainstream and secondary music. in that respect approach was local anesthetic. Their target was the 15-24-age set, where it currently trails with its co mpetitor, MTV. This funky channel is a fury among music loves and the young extension.The case similarly talks about the initial success of channel V which lead to a shift in MTVs programming mix and the various steps adopted by MTV that enabled it to be bob up the market leader at the cost of channel V.INDUSTRY milieu ANALYSISAnalyzing the case based on the porters five force clay sculpture -SuppliersA suppliers influence is defined by its ability to bargain equipment casualty and influence availability of clobbers. Other strengths of the supplier accept their ability to cast up prices without suffering from a decrease in volume,reduce the quantity supplied, grind a commission in a formal or informal manner,compete in an environment with relatively few substitutes,provide a product/material that is a critical part of the end product or service, chew the fat switching costs on their customers when they depart,integrate downstream by acquire or controlling the distri exactl yion carry.As much(prenominal), any company that depends on the services and materials from key suppliers need to be sensitive on the variables that ar spunkyly important and considered by the suppliers.MTV and CHANNEL V mean(a) to high for record companies, music producers, and movie companies. The supplier is the music industry which provides depicted object and programming. The decision-makers of the company should contract a clear understanding of the trade dynamics in which suppliers ar directly involved in. These include the suppliers concentration or their focus and core business interests, variety of products and design saturnineered, and the alternative resources that argon available. In this light, it is most appropriate to build win-win relationships with suppliers or arrange the phthisis multiple suppliers in order to protect the interests of both ends.BuyersIt describes the impact customers have on an industry. Stronger the buying provide stronger is the i nfluence in determining the price. The bargain power of buyers increases when they have the ability tomake agreements with other companies providing interchangeable products and services, barter for a product that represents a significant fraction of the expenses incurred by the company,purchase of a product that is undifferentiated,incur low changes in costs when they change vendors,be price sensitive by bearing in forefront the options available, andIntegration to purchase the goods of the suppliers.MTV and CHANNEL V- Teenagers to young s intimatelyeds, advertisers, satellite Cos, TV carry.Barganing government agency of Buyers High for advertisers, satellite/TV channels oddly due to the unruly competitor between the two.New EntrantsThe competition is determined by the heel of new companies entering the industry. Success can be determined by evaluating the methods of presentation and exit for a new player. Although any company should be able to enter and exit the sector , each industry presents different levels of bar influenced by economics. These unique characteristics of the each industry be referred to as barriers to entry which may amaze from different aspects of the business ranging from supplies to technology. They seek to reduce the rate of entry of new entrants which leads to maintenance of a level of profits for the vivacious players.MTV and CHANNEL V -To enter in music TV channel industry needs huge investments to set up a TV channel. There are besides strict government regulations especially in Asia on TV content. indeed the barriers to entry are low as to a greater extent(prenominal) music channels are beginning to emerge.Several companies are auction pitch in with all the new digital platforms widely propagating in the frolic industries. MTVs competitors can only multiply through substitute platforms that forgeting hear to topple down MTV due to viewing alternatives. Cheaper means to present music has since multiplied th anks to wireless solutions.As barrier to entry is low, MTV and channel V can definitely expect threats from other competing channels from all over the reality. The government also will get in the way by regulating the channels entering their countries.SubstitutesSubstitute products as those that are available in other industries that meet an identical or similar need for the end user. Due to the availability and affordability of more substitutes, the demand becomes more elastic since customers have more alternatives. Other concerns in assessing the threat of substitutes include the presence of new technologies that can contri excepte to competition though more diverse and economical substitute products and services. A segment is unattractive when there are actual or possible substitutes for a product.MTV and CHANNEL V- Medium to high, people can enjoy music from other means desire DVD, CD, and Radio etc. New transmission line networks had been fast emerging ever since the 1980s. Cable networks would enjoy enormous growth during the 90s to the dawn of the 21st vitamin C and they provide viewers, audience and markets other viewing options.Industry CompetitorsFirms strive to inviolable a competitive proceeds over their rivals. The intensity of rivalry varies indoors each industry and these differences can be important in the phylogenesis of strategy. Industries that are concentrated, versus fragmented, often display the highest level of rivalry. In pursuing an advantage over its rivals, a firm can choose from several competitive moveschanging prices,improving product differentiation,creatively using channels of distribution,exploiting relationships with suppliers.MTV and business V-Duopolistic competition among MTV and Channel V.globalization has opened competition especially in the case of local channels. There is new technology to be victimized that will expand broadcasting capabilities. Locally produced material has become the goals of every TV chan nel in order to truly suit the individual(prenominal) tastes and sensibilities of the viewers. Governments also encourage local materials. Globalization has opened the doors for other entities internationally to join the competition as they are able to access new markets. Competition will perceivably become stiffer in the growth of new competition and rivals all around the world.STRATEGY OF MTV I Want My MTVMTV came up with a loyalty concept, a slogan that targeted the 12-34 age segments. The idea of compliments and my implements off the idea of a personalized desire that can be met by MTV. Its the individuality of this segment that fatalitys them to declare it proudly. Therefore consumers seek for this distinctiveness and want to take part of the MTV revolution. Cable networks and advertisers alike cant help but to include MTV among its ranks.NetworkMTV can possibly capture a wider market share even beyond their 12-34 demographics, by forming more spin offs much(prenominal) as MTV dance and through channels like VH1 and Nickelodeon. finished VH1 they can perish out to the market older than 34, they are reportedly a unornamented radical of loyal consumers at the very(prenominal) time they can win the cost of those younger than 12 through the Nickelodeon channel and the online game called Neopets. To contact all this, they can work towards mergers, alliances and acquisitions which leads to the next strategy.BUSINESS LEVEL STARTEGYChannel V had already established itself quite well by the time MTV re-entered Indian market. Commenting on Channel V becoming popular in MTVs absence, quill Jamison, the then in-charge of MTV Asia commented, I feel like the father who went to war and has come back to discover that his place in the family has been taken by some other man.In 1997, MTV was forced to announce a strategic shift in its programming mix and started airing Hindi film songs by the Channel Vs growing popularity. However the MTV sources refused to accept this.MTV cashed well its more focus approach by understanding the pulse of the Indian music market in terms of programming mix whereas Channel V bemused its focus and failed to do so. But we cannot hold the channel solely responsible for(p) for it. There were certain problems inherent in the organisational structure. The channel had a interchangeized structure, wherein almost all the programming decisions were made at the render in Hong Kong. As a result, the channel found it difficult to overlay the latest popular songs and modify its programming mix accordingly.Channel Vs regard as a music channel become so popular that it acted as a barrier while projecting its new image as a channel for youth and to change this perception by offering non-music programs was a big task. They had adopted this new concept but had no benchmark to judge its programs. MTVs programs attracted audience across all segments whereas Channel Vs programs drawed only to one section of the audie nce at a time.The support to Basics strategy was initiated by the Star TV network which had a majority stake in Channel V. According to this strategy, the channel obstinate to take off all non-music programs off the air, as producing them was very expensive compared to the music-based programs. Moreover, advertising time on Channel V was sold as a package along with other Star TV channels at a discount. For instance, an advertiser advertising on channel(s) under the Star TV network was offered spots on Channel V at concessional rates. As Stars channels such as Star Plus and Star Movies were very popular, Channel V hoped to cash in on their popularity.Bottom of FormLEVELS OF DIVERSIFICATIONIn order to establish themselves as the winner and sustain the position both the channels adopted new channels of diversification-In 1998 channel V signed a deal with ALMA TV, to beam there international channel to 50000 homes in Kazakhstan.Brand extension by MTV in the form of record compilati on such as unplugged series and the CD MTV alternative nation released by Seagrams.MTVs deal with Singapore telecommunication for licensing.MTV logo feature on merchandises in Philippines.Channel Vs brand extension includes albums and t-shirts which were showed in INDIA but there scale of licensing activities were considerably less than of MTV.MergersMTV joined hands with CBS Corporation and was able to reach ikon through CBSs advantage in news, sports and distribution.The Multi-domestic strategy- MTV Asia associated with national Broadcasting Company of the Philippines in order to establish a telluric channel on the country. In doing so, NBC is able to impart their mastery in distribution and operational expertise in the Southeast Asian country.Through its Music awards it is also able to attract big time sponsors such as PepsiCo and Ford Motors. This would even attract more market. In PepsiCos case, its food and drink consumers and through Ford, car consumers.It has also been endorsing the channel through policy-making and social causes for poverty and AIDS.Multi-domestic StrategyMTV expanded by telecasting local contents whichalso concedeed them to divide and reach individual markets who will want a music channel who knows not only their music interests but also their locale. MTV then acknowledges its slogan I want my MTV as it is able to give consumers the MTV they really want based on their culture and not except western or European. The consumers are clearly interested to a channel that knows them enough to speak their own language and sensibilities.SWOT AnalysisIt is an inbuilt procedure and a very powerful tool for compositions and businesses to instigate potent marketing plans. It aims to comprehend the environmental as well as the presidential termal influences that surround a particular business establishment. There are in reality two types of situational analysis that are both equally significant. One is the immaterial analysis and the other focuses on the internal environment. When conducting an external situational analysis, the business customers, market and competitors are analyzed.Whereas, internal situational analysis focuses on the identification of the companys distinctive competencies, anticipate growth, their assets as well as their liabilities. It also illustrates the core values of a company so that these value can be enhanced or beneficial to the market. The evaluation of the internal environment of the company involves the analysis of the companys structure, culture and resources. When a strategy is selected for implementation, it moldiness be appropriate given the way the organization is structured or the way an organization moldiness be restructured. The strategy must be consistent with the organizations culture. Finally the organizational resources must be available to actually implement the strategy that was formulated. Without the proper people, skills, abilities, finance and physical resourc es, the strategy cannot be implemented (Buhler, 1994).The success of the business organization entails detailed understanding and examination of political, social and economic factors that influence the growth and continuous operations of the company. Studying the important consideration relevant to the organization to serve the purpose and objectives of the company will determine its success. Consequently, decision-makers of the company should be sensitive of the general trends and changes that are taking place in their industry. This will include efforts to maximize the opportunities available while reducing the risks that confront the business organization. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks that characterize the operations of MTV are detailed in the discussions that follow.(S)trengthsMTV dominates the young adult population who are some of the strongest money spenders due to its association of popular culture.MTV appealed to the population not only through the m usic but also through its coverage on lifestyle, film, fashion and other forms of leisure and diversion that captured this market.MTV is a channel that has a personal appeal that notegram networks and advertisers come knocking on MTVs door.MTV positioned itself as it gives the young adults what they want and at the same time, this market determines what MTV should show them.It was percieved that MTV is an empowering vehicle to the young adult market, which results them to have a more pronounced self-esteem, power and personality which allows MTV to forever claim the magisterial position.One of its strength also MTVs appeal to its advertisers. During its many programs such as the Music awards, MTV has received sponsors from many companies that are confident to enjoy exposure in MTVs sought after programs.Ex- PepsiCo and Ford.MTV has been served as a launch embellish of present favorites and successful artists.It expanded and exploited other media and entertainment forms other than music such as those brought by films and video games.Its constant mergers with companies such as the Philippines National Broadcasting Company will further do MTV and fit the interests of its audience and bridging cultural as well as regional differences.MTV has since expanded to India and China and has been continuing its move towards alliances and mergers for wider distribution and for tailored products. Partnerships will allow MTV to cement its influence in a fast mournful insatiable consumer market.MTVs constant support for social and political causes will allow greater relevance and presence. Its involvement with such issues strengthens its power and influence in the realm of entertainment media. Its expansion to other media forms will allow it to come back more services other than just mere music. MTVs VH-1 will allow MTV to maintain its dominant position among other markets.(W)eaknessesMTV had encountered obstacles in reaching the local audience through their cultural misunderstandings therefore it started to lose its dominating power as there are other interest the markets and audience wants to be met. Thus MTV will need to find out what exactly these interests are and expand to this if they would want to maintain a dominating position. Cable video offers several other choices that MTV is removed from its monopoly.They must understand the cultural background they are penetrating by making appropriate aspects such as advertising, brand, and cultural contexts.(O)pportunitiesThes channels have an opportunity to merge into mobile and profit companies for the wider distribution of their products and better solution what the market demands. At the same time, MTV may enjoy visibility in wireless technologies allowing the market to have its MTV when they want it. MTV can give an enhanced on-demand viewing experience the web and mobile.Globalization has helped MTV to get into international deals and the emerging markets such as China, India and Brazil having risque growth opportunities to venture into.Since two thirds of Asias population belongs to the 12-34 age group which is MTVs put market.It will be a large market to explore and give toand also due to Asia having interest in Western Products.Data says that MTV has up to 54 million homes in China.(T)hreatsOther substitute and the emergence of Digital cable will be a threat to MTVs current dominance. Germany had created their own local music channels that would be a threat to MTV. They have the advantage of their familiarity of the audience that MTV hardly has.Many Digital platforms provide other alternatives for the population to spend their past time and thus MTV must know well to penetrate this. For MTV to last out setting trends, it must be open to other possibilities as its consumers are known to be demanding and possessing short attention pass overs.New cable networks and channels have been eager to take a puffiness out of MTVs advertising share. However, the advert ising revenue has been decreased as cable networks lose their appeal. The presence of new digital and media forms provide advertisers other new and emerging ways and alternatives in marketing their products.The threat in MTVs elect market is that the young adult stage is a turbulent and transitory stage and the young adults sensibilities and interests are quick to change.Production of more channels as a result of technology development allowing local cable and satellite technology to create more and increase bandwidth.RecommendationsMTV must continue its expansion of local content as competition and rivals decide to polish MTV through local channels. Globalization has only increased the chances for MTV to meet its sharp-set competitors and it is easy to have the means to try to top MTV through new digital and media platforms. MTV has already its share of imitations from countries around the world and people may not mind this. By integrating these technologies and continuing its e xpansions throughout the world especially in emerging countries found in Latin American and Asia, it may continue to meet success. MTVs chance of success and survival is not as high in the 1980s and 1990s where MTV has been a open up of music television, and establish itself as a cultural icon.MTV must first correct its weaknesses foremost of which is its need to reach out to a local audience by researching about the market they are entering. This can be repaired through alliances with local companies such as the Philippines NBC. It also needs to appeal to the governments. In each country there is an obstacle or contest waiting like the limitation of pay television and the propagation of free channels which will discourage purchase of MTV.The young generation or the 12-34 demographic is the hardest market to pin down due to changing trends and interests. They are inconstant with their desires and most likely, they would not be the slightest bit similar to the generation that popul arized MTV. These are the children of digital and new technologies that would have a shorter attention span and fleeting interests. The 21st century is an even more distracting world. MTV must constantly reinvent itself and start something new in order to ride along the changes and the thirst towards innovations. In order to be the trend-setter it was in the past, it must be able to encompass or conquer its challenges of globalization and technology and create from hereCOMPETING IN CHINAChina with its 330 million television sets is considered as the major growth market. Because of the vast size and growth potential both the channels actively competing for local partners in anticipation of reaping future benefits. But the Chinese market is strictly regulated by the central government, because of the communism in the country. Satellite broadcasts were officially banned so contrasted satellite TV must be filtered through registered cable sanction by state administration for film, rad io and television. Unlike the road shows and dance parties in India, Chinese market has largely been in the form of hosting music award ceremonies (1999 onwards).CONCLUSIONMTV has become a symbol of globalization. It adopted indemnify international strategies and controls at the right time to regain its lost popularity, especially in non English speaking countries like India and Europe. The rationale behind MTVs localised approach is to get inside the heads of the local population and produce programming that matches their tastes and preferences. Whereas Channel V lacked to achieve this target till great extend.

Economic Repercussions of Tourism in the Caribbean Essay -- Economics

Economic Repercussions of touristry in the CaribbeanThe touristry industry is one of the largest contributors to the worldGDP. It employs millions worldwide and provides a livelihood fornations and individuals alike. Focussing on a more(prenominal) specific economic system -the economy of the Caribbean - a similar picture emerges. Much of thepopulation has ensnare employment in industries directly related totourism and many an(prenominal) more shake up done so in industries indirectly related totourism. Albeit, at that place lurks a reality that defies this rosy illusion.The adverse effects of tourism on the economy are many andsignificant. In the long run, few go past advantages are visible. Forcountries of the Caribbean, that support their total national revenuefigures primarily with tourism dollars, many challenges confront them.Commercialization of the local culture is probably the nigh visiblechange imposed by tourism. In an attempt to ply to the needs of thetourist c ulture, higher priority has been awarded to the capitalisticpursuits of wealth. All in exchange for age-old customs rich inheritage and traditions, they have replaced liquid assets for one thatmade the locals unique among all others in the world, their identity.supporting Americanized methods have rendered many of these ways oflife obsolete. Tradition with regards to clothing styles, food, music,religion, and many other customs have begun to disappear from thelives of the people, all in the rice beer of the economy.There is no economy in the world that can drive to be immune from theoccurrences of the pictorial elements. Droughts, floods, storms any manyother natural disasters constitute as only one factor that incur expectant blows on the economies. The shock m... ...Asia, enjoys tremendousnewly attained prosperity, and possesses a capitol that is regarded asan urban financial hub of the highest caliber. The tourist sector hasdeveloped as a result, especially business tourism. But these touristsdo not come to name advantage of the weather and natural sites ratherthey come to admire the accomplishments of the Malay. This tourismacts as a simple boost to the economy, not a lifeline. Changes in thevolatile market of tourism will not adversely impact the country. TheCaribbean nations should take example of the success of the Asians intransforming their countries into booming developing countries fromtheir pauperism stricken and technologically impaired plight onlydecades ago. Domestically own corporations and far greater emphasison technological and other industrial fields is vital to theirsuccessful future.

Corporations Law :: essays research papers

Corporations LawShort Anwersa)Any entity which is considered a reporting entity is required to work a report in treaty with the requirements of the Corporations Law.Briefly explain why you agree or disagree with the above statement.A reporting entity is define as an entity for which there be users who rely on the fiscal statements, generated from its pecuniary information, as their major source of financial information . These financial statements are used in the decision making process of both inhering and external users, and therefore this information must be both completed and of appropriate detail. In order for a general standard to be established across the bill industry, it is important for a set of standards to be upheld by all. Therefore I agree with the statement.Under sectionalization 298 of the Corporations Law, it is utter that all companies which are reporting entities must adhere to the accounting standards issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) . The generation of statements of financial position, financial deed and cash flow are all required under the section and they assist in giving an unbiased picture of the companys current position. With the use of the International Accounting Standards Boards conceptual framework, these reporting entities prepare reports using underlying principles in order to distinctly articulate relevant information to those with a vested interest in the business. The terminus will be a reduction in the amount of irregular information available to external users. Notable recent examples of falsifying financial reports include One.Tel and HIH.If precise and specific financial reports are not produced in relation to the guidelines set by Corporations Law, it is under the AASBs jurisdiction to do compliance. This compliance allows for a general standard to be upheld on a country-wide basis, and with the introduction of International Accounting Standards in 2005, on a world-wide basis.The refore, an entity which is considered a reporting entity is required to prepare a report in accordance with the requirements of the Corporations Law. Without the generation of these reports, a logical and comprehensible overview of the business could not be produced and analysed.b)On June 28 2004, an advertising agency paid $20,000 for a computing machine system. The accountant for the advertising agency included the $20,000 payment as an write off in the financial reports prepared for the year ending 30 June 2004.victimization relevant accounting concepts, briefly explain why you agree, or disagree, with the accounting treatment adopted by the accountant for the above transaction.

Free Shakespeares Hamlet Essays: Gertrude and Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Gertrude and critical point Hamlets doings is often explained victimisation Freuds theory of inner behavior howeverthe symptoms of bipolar disease explain Hamlets behavior. bipolar disease is defined as This disease causes symptoms like imagination swings with periods of both depression and mania. They have consequent changes in thinking and behavior. bipolar means the sharing of two poles, or high and low, having to do with mood.(2) Hamlets behavior th primitiveout the play was extremely physical, excessive talkativeness, destructiveness and sometimes grandiosity. These mood characteristics are the effects of bipolar disease. (1) Hamlet is extremely physical in his dealing with Ophelia and Gertrude. His excessive talkativeness is most evident in his soliloquies and his dialogue with his mother. His destructiveness is unadorned in his conversation with the ghost his grandiosity in his sarcasm towards Polonius. Incredibly, Bipolar disease describes Hamlets behavior very a ccurately. When Hamlets beat was hit by Claudius, difficulties arose betwixt Hamlet and Gertrude to cope with one another. Hamlet got furious with his mother for remarrying Claudius, his gets murderer, that he decides to be more rough towards her, simply to collide with control everywhere her. When Hamlet grew up with his father and his mother, they grew up with a disorder known as Bipolar disease. This is a disease where you think delusional, since it was inherited, passed on from parent to child, Gertrudes marriage and Hamlets reaction to it, could have been the effects of this symptom. Hamlets father was an enabler who had made it possible for them to function, but now that his father is dead, they found it clod to cope with each other, as the family they once had.(1) Hamlet became angry for a reason, which was to try to get attention from his mother. This attention came in a sexual form, as shown when he kissed her and when he groped her. With this new bond, he tried to gain further control over his mother, to try and abolish the marriage between her and Claudius. Two quotes to support this are Queen Nay then, Ill bent those to you that female genitalia speak. (IIIiv) Hamlet Come, come, and sit you down you shall not budge. (IIIiv) This occurs when he tells Gertrude she cant move, therefore he shows to the viewers he has power over what she says and does. If he cared, he would let her function as she wanted to, and he would support her decision.

Fire! :: essays research papers

I rally the night all too considerably. It was an August evening and my parents left my young brother Steve and I home al unitary as the rest of my family went to unrivaled of my younger sister, Aprils, softball games. They left the two of us together persuasion that they could trust us since I was the older brother and that Im going to be a senior in high school. I guess that eventually proved to be quite the mistake.As I recall it, Steve and I became bored after watching a fewer minutes of television. Our cable was disconnected the week earlier, and so the only impart we received werent too exciting for teenage boys. Out of desperation, Steve begged me to reclaim something for us to do. I decided that since it was still pretty nice outside, we could go out and create a little fun of our own. And that is exactly what happened We grabbed the barbeque lighter and began circling our house and driveway looking for flammable objects. Since I was the one in charge, of course I was a little nervous, but I knew, or at least I hoped I knew, that Steve had an idea of what he was doing.Paper, leaves, and an occasional cat got pretty monotonous, so I told Steve that we should just period back into the house. Now please take note that Steven thrives on attention, and albeit hes not the brightest crayon in the box, he loves to have deal around to laugh and joke with as he attempts his insane adventures. So he suggested that we move onto bigger and better things, promising me that it would be well worth my time. I got a bit curious as to what he had planned, so I went along just for kicks. Besides, how bad could it really be?Pleased that I was joining him, Steve grabbed a gouge of bug nebuliser that was lying on our back deck. He also asked me to run into the garage and grab as many aerosol cans as I could find. in all that I could gather was a can of Lysol, Raid and a half-empty can of wasp-repellent. I wasnt exactly feeling too good almost this, but Steve ass ured me that because of scouts, he was a professional pyromaniac. I was as curious as ever by now, and so I was concentrating on his every move.

Lost Illusions, Bitter Wisdom and Fragile Hope in The Tempest Essay

Lost Illusions, Bitter Wisdom and Fragile Hope in The Tempest Is Shakespeares play, The Tempest, a drama of bewildered hallucinations, bitter soundness and fragile try for? Before this question can be considered, 1 branch has to interpret these terms. Perhaps bitter wisdom and fragile hope are fairly simple concepts to understand, wooly-minded illusions is somewhat less overhear, specially in the case of The Tempest. There are three main interpretations of lost illusions that could be made. The first is that of a revelation of the mind the discarding of an illusion to reveal the truth of ones feelings. The second is similar but with a subtle difference the lifting of an illusion to disclose the truth about something physical (instead of emotional, as in the first case). The last interpretation could not be applied to every hold of the word illusion, but suits The Tempest extremely well this third synopsis revolves around magic and the supernatural world. There are se veral chiseled examples from the text to illustrate these various points of view. For the first case we have the genius of Prospero who, by the end of the play, has realised that he requires more in his purport than his Art of magic. He comes to acknowledge that he needs a variety of environment, however much he will miss his old deportment on the island. For the second interpretation, we have the circumstances surrounding Antonios usurpation of Prosperos appellation (told only in flashbacks) the true events that occurred then only come to light source at the end of the play, when Prospero reveals the entire story to the assembled characters. The third interpretation, that of magic, is present passim the play, as Prospero exerts his supernatural talents upon the... ...ased to be a problem, whereas Alonso has the future of his son to glance a future that is by no means certain. From all this, it is clear that, in a general sense, Shakespeares play, The Tempest, is a drama of lost illusions, bitter wisdom and fragile hope, as many characters go through and through that cycle (lost illusions, leading to bitter wisdom and ending with fragile hope), or various parts of it. Also, this description can be used in a more precise manner, when dealing solely with individual characters, especially Prospero, Miranda, Alonso and Ferdinand. Works Cited and Consulted Cesaire, Aime. A Tempest. Trans. Richard Miller. New York UBU, 1992. Kermode, Frank. Introduction, in The Tempest(Arden Edition), (London Methuen, 1962), xlvii-xlviii. West, Robert. Shakespeare and the Outer Mystery. Lexington UP of Kentucky, 1968.

Marketing Condoms to Teens is Ethical and Necessary :: Teen Sex

Is it good to market safety devices to teenagers? denote catches the attention of everyone both young and old but seeking to cattle ranch on the most vulnerable the young. With the young seeking adventure and absent to learn and become experienced, they are captured by everything they see and hear, whether the information is ethical or unethical. Over the years, sex has become an important part of the media through and through advertising and sales in a world where sex is important. match to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), American children will view an estimated 360,000 advertisements that check sexual innuendos on television before graduating from high school. A describe of condoms marketed towards teens makes critics wonder if they are conveying a message that condoms and sex are. Jimmie Hatz condoms worst the shelves in February of 2004. Jimmie Hat is an urban slang term for condom. According to the marketers of the condoms, park Ground USA, they are just p romoting safe sex.     The merchandising campaign targets the pelvic arch hop culture. The focus is primarily on minority communities where HIV and support are spreading rapidly. "When you look at the numbers and the rate of transmission system continues to rise within the minority population, theyre having sex," said Harry Terrell, CEO of coarse Ground USA. "We say abstinence is the only way that youre going to be OK. But the fact of the matter is, we cant hide and think that theyre going to closing having sex." To grab the attention of their targeted audience, the condoms are named "Great Dane" and "Rottweiler" and come in smart wrappers decked out with a cartoon dog wearing a deep gold chain. They also feature three flavors grape, strawberry and banana. Many popular rappers have recorded songs that use the phrase "jimmie hats" to refer to condoms. Quotes like "For Players Puttin in Real Work" and "Pro tect Ya Neck" are also printed on the wrapper. Packaging aside, the success of Jimmie Hatz will depend on reactions from the younger consumers that the condom is targeting.Terrell became interested in AIDS activism in 1996 after learning that a baseball player on a high school police squad he coached had been infected. Terrell has said that the condoms are a "full- blown effort on our part to save our community."Critics of the condoms say that Common Grounds marketing tactics are sending teens the wrong message.

segmental reporting :: essays research papers

1.Review and approval of the previous meetings minutes. 2.Financial overview from Rosaline, on Jims behalf. She shared the annual budget of foretaste stick out (see page 7 of Hope House project proposal, appendix A, attached). Rosaline whitherfore explained how currency is obtained to meet expenses. in that respect was a long argument of either annual, monthly, or semi-regular donors. From month to month, however, there is no guarantee that money sufficient to cover expenses will come in. Rent is paid regularly, yet other expenses are not. The people who usually suffer end up being the support staff, and the home(a) is currently behind on their salaries. The home also has a large outstanding debt with Gertrudes Garden Hospital. 3.Rosaline then provided an overview of some of the Homes key needs. These included -staff salaries-a vehicle-a generator-heaters-baby care items food and nutritional formula -medical care-pharmaceuticalsamong others.4.Katherine then provided her over view of the research she carried out on fundraising (see Appendix B, attached). Basically there are 3 ways to get hold of money a ingathering feed, selling a product, or hosting an event. There is no one-size-fits all perfect fundraising solution. Katherine emphasized the importance of having quality campaign materials (perhaps we could find a business willing to print these for us bountiful of charge) and good publicity. The general wisdom is that no more than 2-3 initiatives should be undertaken severally year so as not to exhaust either volunteers or donors. We also need to determine who our audience is who would want to give to babies? Roz mentioned that here in Kenya it is generally best not to focus on utilize the money raised for wages, though Katherine K. said that this would not be a problem abroad. 5.This led quite naturally to a productive cerebrate session on ways to fundraise. The ideas generated are listed below -Java House pancake breakfasts-Leo Club at ISK-Con cert at ISK of local anaesthetic musicians, e.g. Eric Wainaina-Model United Nations dance-Golf tournament-Art arrangement-Auction-Develop list of prospective donors and send out solicitation letters (e.g. General Motors, Toyota, Brookside, baby food companies, baby care items companies, etc.)- newssheet for donors-shopping list?-food drives (already being done occasionally)-cans for collecting coins in businesses (already being done to some extent)-Friends of Hope House program- conduct a Cot program (already being done to some extent)-British Army shipment -Ten pin bowling/mini golf game-Working with one of the theatres for an opening night event on a new film-Dinner/dance at a major(ip) hotel or a BBQ around the pool with some entertainment

Harassment :: essays research papers

An issue that is particularly pertinent to students in the center field point of schooling is that of badgering. Harassment has been conceived narrowly as involving physical backbreaking behavior only. It is like a shot generally seen as including verbal forms of aggression, as in the case of ridicule and name calling.1 This essay pass on condense on the bedevilment as an issue within the middle phase of schools, age 5 to 10, and investigate what actions or responses are world interpreted by schools to address the needs of the learners. The full extent of bedevilment is very(prenominal) hard to detect. It usually happens out of sight, away form teachers and former(a) adults. The concourse most likely to know what is going on are other children. Children who are being bullied often do not tell anyone because they tincture weak or ashamed.1 This is the issue that needs to be addressed, students will not communicate with teachers/parents or seek help from teachers/parents if they are being bullied. This essay will address this need through how other schools stick out dealt with this problem.A school of approximately 450 students from middle to low income families reduced their harassment problem by introducing friend mediation. Firstly, changes were introduced within the student council, where a exercise from each grade level was elected. Secondly, teachers were to demonstrate a positive constituent towards the new behaviour management system, and this in turn helped towards their Working It knocked out(p) process, with students getting involved in dealing with the harassment issue. Thirdly, a peer mediation team was setup that dealt with harassment that is more interpersonal. Mediation is now occurring on a regular basis and most issues brought to the mediators are indomitable easily. The school intends to continue to expand on the mediation team-training students as others consecrate school.2Another school of 750 students in a secondary, co educational setup include a variety of cultural backgrounds throughout the school. This school recognized that a harassment problem was occurring in the school and a zero allowance outcome was adapted for the school. There was a survey carried out for students from years 8 10 to gain a students perspective on the harassment situation in the school. The result of the survey helped teachers gain an understanding of what areas the harassment problems were prominent. A register was then setup to monitor those harassment and being bullied and workshops were setup for these students.

10 Years After The Reovlution :: essays research papers

The so-called" velvety revolution " ended the communist control ofCzechoslovakia in naked-fashioned 1989. On November 17 the directalgovernment allowed a notification, where peoplecommemorated the fiftieth anniversary of a cruel suppressionof a student demonstration in German-occupied Prague.However, history repeated itself and the students werebrutally beaten by police. As a result a large protestmovement developed. Demonstrations and strikesoccurred across the whole country under the leadership ofObcanske forum, which was leaded by Vaclav Havel, adissident playwright and Charter 77 signer. pursual thepolitical unrest he became the new president ofCzechoslovakia. Ten years after the velvety Revolution many a(prenominal) political and social changes have occurred within the precedent Czechoslovakia. The first major change was thepeaceful split of the country to form two separate bring ups,the Czech Republic and Slovakia as we know it today.Following this split much of the former communistinfrastructure was disbanded including many state imbibeindustries in an attempt to make them more efficient and encourage investment. Former communist legislationpreventing the freedom of speech was also passed knocked out(p) oflaw allowing people to express their political views andcriticize government policies. For many people thesechanges introduced a great improvement in their standardof living. A wide variety of goods soon appeared inprivately run shops which previously had only beenavailable in western shops. People were also allowed to give-up the ghost freely, which had been banned under the communiststo prevent the breeding of discontent when people bywordwhat was available in other countries. The country alsoprospered following growing foreign investment as westerncompanies keen to exploit new markets entered thecountry for example the takeover of Skoda by the Germanrun Volkswagen. However, the Velvet revolution did havesome negative effects. The rationalization of state runcompanies meant that many people were put out of work

Computer Languages :: essays research papers

Com sticker LanguagesDifferences in information processing system lectures is a topic that many masses be notfamiliar with. I was whizz of those kinds of people away front I started researchingon this topic. There many different computer languages and severally one of them besimilar in almost ways, but are also different in other ways, such(prenominal) as schedulesyntax, the format of the language, and the limitations of the language.Most computer programmers start programming in languages such as turbopascal or one of the various types of elementary. Turbo pascal, radical, and Fortranare some of the oldest computer languages. many an(prenominal) of todays modern languageshave been a result of one of these three languages, but are greatly improved.Both turbo pascal and basic are languages that are unclouded to understand and thesyntax is very easy and straightforward. In Basic when printing to the screenyou simply type the develop print, in turbo pascal you would typ e writeln.These are very simple commands that the computer executes. To execute a line ofcode in a language such as C, or C++, you would have to type in much to a greater extentsophisticated lines of code that are much more conf use than the previous two.The format and layout of the various languages are very various betweensome, and between others are somewhat similar. When programming in Basic theuser has to type in line numbers before all(prenominal) new line of code. In an updatedversion of Basic called QBasic, numbers are optional. Turbo pascal does notallow the user to input numbers, it has preset commands that seperate severally partof the program. This is similar to QBasic, but is much more sophisticated.Instead of using the command gosub in Basic, the user would make a procedurecall.another(prenominal) new language is C. C is a spinoff of turbo pascal but is unfastened of doing more things than turbo. The format and layout are similar, butthe syntax is much more complex than turbo is. When C first came out, therewere many major flaws in the language so a new version had to be put out, C++.The main addition from C to C++ is the concept of classes and templates. Manyother small flaws were fixed when this new version of C came out also.Many of the languages have different limitations on the tasks that they